美国黑人福音音乐发展渊源和宗教世俗双重性

American Black Gospel Music: Its Roots and Its Religious and Secular Characteristics

具有特殊文化根基和音乐特征的美国黑人福音音乐,最初以灵歌和圣赞歌的形式,出现在19世纪初期南方黑人的野外宗教聚会中,并由此衍生出有别于白人福音音乐的演唱风格。20世纪20年代美国工业的崛起,吸引了大批黑人从南方乡村涌向全国各大城市,黑人的福音音乐随之由乡村进入城市,而黑人现代福音音乐也伴随着城市文化环境的丰富和发展脱颖而出,并由此派生出传统和世俗两种类型的演唱风格,成为20世纪下半叶以来美国黑人宗教与娱乐共享的音乐演唱艺术。

Afro-American gospel music has its own cultural underpinning and musical characteristics. Afro-American gospel music derived from the gospel hymnody and spirituals sung by African Americans in the South in camp meetings in the early 19th century. The musical style of Afro-American gospel music developed in this specific environment was distinguished from that of white gospel music. With the rise of urban industry in the 1920s, Afro-American gospel music was brought to cities when thousands of southern blacks rushed to cities to look for jobs. Intermingled with the rich urban cultural elements in American cities, Afro-American gospel music developed into its contemporary form of two highly charged styles of singing, sacred gospel and secular gospel. Each of the two styles has been an integrated part of religious and entertaining music art since the 1950s.