中东城市化的原因、特点与发展趋势

The Cause, Character and Development Tendency of Urbanization in the Middle East

第二次世界大战后,中东地区城市化发展势头迅猛,城市范围扩大,城市区域布局呈现出与战前不同的格局,大城市发展尤为显著。城市化的发展得益于下列因素:现代工业、服务业的发展和石油工业的兴起;中东国家的土改和工业优先政策的实行;现代医学进步和医疗设施的改善;传统观念的影响,等等。这些因素交互作用,使中东地区成为当今世界城市化发展最快的地区之一。同时,中东城市化在发展过程中也形成了过度城市化、城市首位度高、工业化与城市化脱节、城市化水平和城市分布差异大等特征。随着生产力发展和社会进步,中东城市化布局将再次发生演变,且大城市仍是城市化发展最活跃的地带,但“城市病”将长期困扰中东国家。

Since the end of the Second World War, Urbanization in the Middle East has been strongly developed. While the city areas are enlarged, the overall arrangement of them becomes different from that prior to the war, and development of the major cities is particularly strong. The development of Urbanization is based on such factors as: the rise of modern industry, oil industry and services; land reform and industry-prioritized policies implemented by the Middle East countries; the progress of the modern medicine and the improvement of the medical facilities; the restriction of the traditional ideas, all of which have joined together to make the Middle East one of the areas in the world whose Urbanization is advancing at top speed. Whereas, there make some features or problems with the development of the Middle East Urbanization: an excess of Urbanization; the top position of urbanism; the disjunction between industrialization and Urbanization; the big difference between the level of Urbanization and the location of the major cities. With the progress of productivity and society, the overall arrangement of the Middle East Urbanization will alter again, and the major cities will still be the most flourishing place of Urbanization while the urban diseases will long harass the Middle East countries.