毛乌素沙地农业生态系统分析及评价

Evaluation and analysis on agro-ecological system of Maowusu Sandland

针对毛乌素沙地农业生态系统长期处于低而不稳的问题,结合毛乌素沙地农业生态系统自然环境优势,从整体上对毛乌素沙地农业生态系统结构进行了分析和评价。研究表明:毛乌素沙地农业生态系统在种植业上存在粮食生产压力过大、规模效益低下,特色产业开发不够、生态环境逐渐恶化;在养殖业上存在资金和科技投入不足、草畜矛盾突出、生产条件差等问题。但该沙地具有光、热、水、风能及土地等自然环境优势。因此,应大力调整种植业和养殖业结构,充分利用自然资源。并采取农牧结合、农林结合和沙区绿洲型发展模式,建立可持续发展的毛乌素沙地农业生态系统。

This paper analyzes the natural environment advantages and evaluates the structure rationality of agro-ecological system in Maowusu Sandland, with the purpose to discover the reasons of low system productivity and instable system structure. The results show that the principal restrictive factors are the exasperate ecological environment,the low benefit of scale production, the excessive stress of food supplies, the insufficient exploitation of characteristic industries, the lack of capital and techniques, the extrusive conflict between livestock and forage plants, and the poor production condition of stockbreeding. Whereas the natural environmental resources, such as sunlight, heat, water, wind energy and land, are advantageous to the sustaining development of agro-ecological system. In order to boost sandland agriculture effectively, it is necessary to regulate the planting and stockbreeding structure, to adopt the integrate models of agriculture-forestry or agriculture- stockbreeding, and to develop oasis agriculture, etc.