宁夏近50年不同时期小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传变异分析

Variation of high molecμlar weight glutenin subunits of wheat cultivars in different periods in Ningxia

采用SDS十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对宁夏50年来不同历史时期主要推广小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（Glu-1位点）遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明：在这些品种中，Glu-1位点具有较丰富的遗传变异，并检测到10种亚基和13种亚基组合类型；品质评分在5～10之间，平均8．2分，各时期品种品质平均评分呈缓慢上升趋势，且1980年以后育成品种中5＋10（Glu-D1位点）、17＋18（Glu-B1位点）亚基出现频率明显增加，说明各育种单位已充分重视将具有优良品质遗传的材料应用于实践。33个品种中15个具有5＋10亚基，9个具有17＋18亚基，13个具有2^＊（Glu—A1）亚基，可供优质小麦育种利用。

The compositions of high - molecular- weight glutenin subunit （HMW - GS）of 33 wheat cultivars that had been popularized in ningxia province during recent 50 years were analyzed by using SDS- PAGE. The results showed that the HMW - GS composition of 33 cultivars was abundant. 10 subunits and 13 subunit combination patterns were detected in these cultivars. The main quality score of 33 cultivars ranged from 5 to 10 with average 8.2. Although the average quality score of these cultivars raised slowly, the frequency of 5 ＋ 10 subunit of all cultivars had been increased. 15 cultivars carried 5 ＋ 10 highquality subunits, 9 cultivars carried 17 ＋ 18 subunits and 13 cultivars carried 2^＊ subunits, which can be utilized in the quality breeding program.