老年支气管哮喘急性发作合并低钾血症的临床特点分析

The clinical features of hypokalemia in senile patients with bronchial asthma

目的探讨老年支气管哮喘急性发作时低钾血症的发生率及临床特点。方法对因哮喘急性发作的老年及青壮年病例进行回顾性分析。结果老年支气管哮喘急性发作46例,合并低钾血症者20例,发生率高达43.5%,明显高于青壮年组(P<0.05)。其中,病情重、病程长并发率明显高于病情轻、病程短者(P<0.01)。多种原因导致低钾,其临床表现缺乏特异性,易漏诊。结论老年支气管哮喘急性发作合并低钾血症的发生率高,潜在危险性大,应及时有效补钾。

Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical features of hypokalemia in senile patients with acute episode of bronchial asthma. Methods Clinical data of the elderly patients and young - middle patients with acute episode of bronchial asthma were analyzed retrospectively. Results 20 senile patients with the complication of hypokalemia were identified from 46 patients with acute episode of bronchial asthma, with the incidence of the complication was 43.5 %, higher than those, in young- middle, patients （P 〈 0.05 ）. Among these patients, the incidence of complicatiorns was higher in patients with moderate - severe asthma and long duration of asthma than those of mild hsthma and short duration of asthma （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Multiple factors were involved in the occurrence of hypokalemia during acute episode of bronchial asthma, due to unspecific clinical manifestation, hypokalemia was easy to escape detection. Conclusion The incidence of hyperkalemia in senile patients with acute episode of bronchial asthma is high, Pootassium supplement should be supplemented in time and effectively.