茂名市农村人群艾滋病健康教育策略研究

Study on the strategy of health education on AIDS knowledge in rural population of Maoming City

目的了解茂名市农村人群的艾滋病知识水平和对艾滋病感染者及病人的态度,采用集中看VCD加现场交流方式、张贴健康海报和发放健康资料自学三种健康教育方式,探索在农村实施艾滋病健康教育干预措施的有效途径。方法采用整群抽样的方法选取茂名市高州2个镇的3个行政村的人群分别开展集中看VCD加现场交流方式、张贴健康海报和发放健康资料自学的健康干预活动,对调查对象在健康教育前后采取自制问卷调查,比较健康教育前后调查对象艾滋病知识的知晓率以及三种不同的健康教育方式之间的效果,对性别、年龄、文化程度等因素进行回归分析,探索农村人群艾滋病相关知识的影响因素。结果健康教育后,调查对象的艾滋病相关知识的知晓率有较大提高(P<0.05);性别分布上,男性知晓率高于女性知晓率(P<0.05)。年龄分布上,55岁以上人口知晓率明显低于其他年龄组(P<0.05);文化程度较高的人群知晓率也较高。健康教育干预前后,调查对象对艾滋病人和感染者态度变化不明显。在三种健康教育模式中,以VCD加现场交流方式获得的成本-效益最高。结论健康教育干预活动对提高农村人群的艾滋病相关知识水平有良好效果,性别、年龄、文化程度影响居民艾滋病知识水平,健康教育前后居民对艾滋病人的态度改变不大。

Objective To understand the level of AIDS knowledge and the attitude of the inhabitants to MDS patients in rural population of Maoming City in order to explore effective way of health education intervention on AIDS in rural areas. Methods Three administrative villages in two townships of Gaozhou were randomly selected and health edueaiton intervention was conducted, by playing VCD and on - the - spot dieussion, put up posters and self- edeation with propaganda materials. The level of AIDS knowledge and influential factors including sex, age, education background, ete, of the inhabitants were surveyed begore and after the intervetntion with questionaire. Results The level of AIDS knowledge of the inhabitants in rural area of Maoming City was enhanced after health education （ P 〈 0.05） ; the knowledge level in the males was higher than that of females （ P 〈 0.05） ; The knowledge level in the inhabitants aged 55 years or and above was lower than that of the younger age group （ P 〈 0.05. The knowledge level was higher in those with higher education background than those with low one. There little difference was observed in attitude of the rural inhabitants to AIDS patients before and after health education. Good cost benefitness was achieved by palying VCD plus discussion. Conclusion The level of AIDS nknowledge of rural inhabitants can be enhanced by conducting health education intervention on AIDS. The factors of sex, age and education background of the inhabitants are associated with the level of AIDS knowledge. The attitude of the inhabitants towards AIDS patients has changed a little after intervention.