幼儿对死亡概念认知特点的研究

On the Development Characteristics of Children’s Death Concept

死亡概念是生命科学领域内一个非常重要的科学概念。本研究选取100名3-6岁的幼儿作为被试,采用个别访谈法对幼儿死亡概念认知的特点进行了考察。结果表明:(1)幼儿对死亡概念认知的年龄主效应显著、性别主效应不显著。(2)幼儿对死亡概念的内涵有一定认知,但是同时这种认知还不太成熟。其中,对死亡的适用性和死亡无功能性认知较高,对死亡的不可逆性认知居中,对死亡的普遍性和死亡原因性认知较低。(3)在三类生命体死亡概念的认知中,对动物死亡和人体死亡概念认知要高于对植物死亡概念的认知。

As one of scientific concepts, death concept, plays an important role in the children＇s development. The present study uses interviews to investigate the cognition characteristics of 100 （47 boys and 53 girls） young children from the kindgartens about death concept. Results of the present study show： （1） The young children＇ s cognition of the death concept has developed to a certain degree, but they have some difficulty in their cognition. （2） There is some difference in the development of young children＇ s cognition on the five death subcomponents. The young children＇s cognition of the applicability and cessation of death is the highest, followed by irreversibility, and the inevitability and causality are the lowest. （3） Furthermore, children have known human and animals＇ death concepts but not plants＇.