下颌升支矢状劈开不同截骨术矫治下颌前突的对比分析

CONTRAST ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SAGITTAL SPLIT RAMUS OSTEOTOMY METHODS IN CORRECTING MADIBULAR PROGNATHISM

目的 探讨改良和经典下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术在矫治下颌前突方面的适应证及优缺点。方法 1997年1月～2005年1月，采用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫正真性下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例，男34例，女61例。年龄15～44岁，平均21．3岁。单纯下颌前突53例，下颌前突合并偏颌28例，上颌后缩11例，大舌2例，双侧颧骨突出1例。X线头影测量：蝶鞍点-鼻根点-上齿槽座点角（sella—nasion—A point，SNA）80～83°，蝶鞍点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角（sella—nasion—B point，SNB）80～84°，上齿槽座点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角（Apoint—nasion—B point，ANB）-3～1°。采用改良术式43例，经典术式52例。结果 患者术后面型及咬黯关系均得到明显改善。经典术式组患者术后单侧或双侧下唇区感觉障碍9例，劈骨时单侧下颌升支意外骨折1例，严重出血1例，术后切口感染1例，畸形轻度复发3例。改良术式组患者术后下唇区感觉障碍2例，畸形轻度复发1例，无颌骨意外骨折、严重出血和术后感染等并发症发生。随访3个月～7年，复查X线并进行头影测量：SNA角81～83°，SNB角78～81°，ANB角1～4°。结论 改良术式是下颌前突尤其是严重前突和伴有偏颌患者升支矢状劈开旋转、后退比较理想的一种手术方式，而对轻度至中度下颌前突患者则既可应用改良术式也可应用经典术式。

Objective To explore the indication, advantage and disadvantage of modified or classical technique of intraoral sagittal split ramus osteotomy （SSRO） for correction of mandibular prognathism. Methods From January 1997 to January 2005, 95 patients suffering from mandibular prognathism or accompanied by other deformities were treated with modified or classical technique of intraoral SSRO. Of 95 cases, there were 34 males and 61 females, aging 15 to 44 years, including 53 cases of single mandibular prognathism, 28 cases accompanied with mandibular deviation, 11 cases accompanied with maxillary retrognathism, 2 cases accompanied with glossacele and i case accompanied with malar protrution. X-ray cephalometry showed ： sella-nasion-A point （SNA） 80-83°, sella-nasion-B point （SNB） 80-84°, A point-nasion-B point （ANB）- 3-1°. Forty-three cases were corrected by modified SSRO and 52 cases by classical SSRO. Results The face appearance and dental articulation of all the patients were improved greatly. In patients by classical SSRO, disorder of local sensibility occurred in 9 cases, mandibular fracture during the cleavage of the ascending ramus in 1 case, significant bleeding in 1 case, postoperative infection in 1 case and postoperative relapse in 3 cases. In patients by modified SSRO, disorder of local sensibility occurred in 2 cases and postoperative relapse in 1 case; no mandibular fracture, significant bleeding, postoperative infection and other complications occurred. With a follow-up of 3 months to 7 years, X-ray cephalometry showed SNA 81-83°, SNB 78-81°and ANB 1-4°. Conclusion Modified SSRO is an ideal method of correcting mandibular prognathism, especially severer mandibular prognathism accompanied by mandible deviation deformity.