地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述

An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation

地震资料去噪,无论是叠前还是叠后,都是处理中非常重要的内容.随着勘探技术的进步,地球物理界积累和开发的去噪软件已越来越多.对各种去噪方法进行分门别类,阐述其基本原理、物理意义、适用条件、发展前景,既有理论价值又有实际指导意义.本文从噪声的特征出发,首先对地震资料噪声进行了分类;然后综合评述了目前实际生产中常用的几种去噪方法,包括频率域滤波、频率波数域滤波、频率空间域滤波、Radon变换、聚束滤波、基于小波分解和重建的去噪方法等;最后还简述了去噪技术的应用及发展情况.

For both prestack seismic gathers and stacked seismic data, noise attenuation is a very important part of seismic data processing. With the advancement of exploration techniques, the accumulated and developed software for noise attenuation are becoming more and more. It is valuable in theory and instructional in practice to sort different methods of noise attenuation and state their fundamentals, physical meanings, applied conditions and development futures. In this paper, we firstly divide the noise in seismic data according to different characteristics, and then overview some popular methods of noise attenuation in practice, including frequency filtering, frequency--wavenumber filtering, frequency--space filtering, the Radon transform, beamforming, methods of noise attenuation on the basis of wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, and so on. In the end, we also talk about the development trend of techniques for noise attenuation.