我国隧道地质超前预报技术述评

Overview of tunnel geological advanced prediction in China

隧道地质超前预报在隧道施工开挖中起着关键性作用,同时也是工程地球物理界所面临的一大技术难题.本文回顾了我国主要隧道地质超前预报技术(隧道地震预报系统、水平声波剖面法、陆地声纳法、地质雷达法、红外探水法、超前钻探法和超前平导法)的历史,介绍了它们近年来的研究进展;分析了其现状及在几何结构成像、物性结构反演成像和复杂地质体结构探测中存在的不足;指出了当前亟待解决的基础理论研究、正反演研究、多参数综合利用、建立三维可视化的预测预警系统等问题并提出了解决这些问题的基本设想.

Tunnel geological advanced prediction is not only fundamental in tunnel excavating but also a difficult problem to the engineering geophysical circles. So this paper reviews the history of tunnel geological advanced prediction, including tunnel seismic prediction, horizontal sonic profiles, land sonic, ground penetrating radar, infrared detection, advanced boreholes and advanced tunnel in China, and then introduces its research progress in recent years. It analyzes their current situation and discusses their disadvantages of geometrical structure imaging, physical structure imaging and complex geological body detection. At last some existing problems such as basic theory study, forward and inversion study, multi-parameter utilization and building of 3D advanced alarm system have been pointed out. Some basic concepts to solve those problems have been provided,