氯代硝基苯催化加氢合成氯代苯胺的催化剂研究进展

Recent development of catalysts for hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene to chloroaniline

综述了近期氯代硝基苯催化加氢合成氯代苯胺的催化剂研究进展,对贵金属(包括贵金属纳米簇催化剂及负载型贵金属催化剂)、骨架镍及非晶态合金等催化剂的结构和性能特点进行了分析和比较。贵金属催化剂活性高,选择性好,反应条件温和。雷尼镍催化剂具有价格较低的优势,但其加氢脱氯的副反应较为严重,多需要采用具有毒性的助催化剂来提高产物的选择性。非晶态合金作为一种新型催化材料具有很好的催化反应性能,其热稳定性还有待进一步提高。

The recent development of catalysts for hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene to chloroaniline was reviewed. The characteristic properties of noble catalysts （noble metal clusters or supported noble metal catalysts）, Raney nickel and amorphous alloy catalysts were analyzed and compared. Noble catalysts have high activity and selectivity, and the reaction conditions are mild. Raney nickel is of low price and used widely;however, in order to inhibit dehalogenation, some toxic promoters such as bases were used and extra processing steps had to be adopted to remove them. Amorphous alloy is a kind of new materials and has good catalytic performance, while its thermal stability has to be improved.