择期性手术病人的心理应激及护理对策

Psychic stress and nursing strategies for patient with elective operation

观察了６００例普通外科、泌尿外科及妇科的择期性手术病人的心理应激反应的一般特点和变化规律，以及采用以提供程序性和感觉性信息为主，以其他方法为辅的心理护理措施对手术病人应激反应产生影响。其中实验组３００例、两个对照组各１５０例。结果表明：（１）病人入院后，随着手术时间的逼近，应激反应逐渐加剧，手术前夜的焦虑、恐惧与血压水平显著升高；手术开始后则急剧下降；病人术后所感受到的疼痛、痛苦与不适显著高于术中。（２）实验组在手术前夜、术中及术后的各项心理指标的应激反应水平显著低于两个对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．００１），显示了心理护理的积极影响。结果说明本法对维护手术病人康宁具有一定的实用价值。

General character and rules of changes in psychic stress,and effects of psychic care with procedural and sensory information on these changes were observed in 600 patients with surgery,including general surgery、urinary surgery and gynecologic surgery. 300 cases were in experimental group,others were in two control groups ,each group ,with 150 cases. The results showed that: 1. after admission ,as the approach of the date of operation the stress reaction increased graduatedlly ,anxiety、fear and blood pressure reached the top in the night before operation ,all of these changes went down as the performance of operation. Pain、suffering and malaise were severe after operation than that during operation. 2. Psychic index of stres reaction were lower in experimental group than that in two control groups ,during the night before operation、in the operation and after operation. (P<0.05, P<0. 01, P<0. 001), These results showed that psychic care are useful method to maintain health and comfort patients with surgical experience and have some practical value.