张家界国家森林公园动物种类和数量的变化

The Changes of the Species and Quantity of Animals in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

为了探明张家界国家森林公园野生动物种类和数量的变化,采用野外踏察以及问卷调查法对上世纪70年代以来公园境内野生动物的种类、数量及生活习性进行了调查.结果发现:公园内野生动物在种类、数量和结构上发生了很大的变化,许多动物已从公园中消失,不少动物亦濒临灭绝;在保存下来的动物中,也有一部分的生活习性发生了改变;在旅游开发利用的不同时期,公园内不同野生动物受影响的程度不一样;在公园开发之初,以鸟类受到的影响最大,兽类次之,爬行类最小,而在公园开发的后期,则刚好相反.为了保护野生动物资源,必须严禁猎杀野生动物,保持景区安静,建立野生动物通道等.

In order to prove the change of the species and quantity of wild animals in Zhangjiajie National Forestry Park, the species, quantity and living habits of wild animals in the park since 1970s were investigated through field investigations and questionnaire investigations. The results show that there were biggish changes in species, quantity and structure of wildlife; that many animals disappeared and quite a few were at the verge of extinction; and that even among the saved, some showed much alteration in life habits. The degree of effects on wild animals varies with different animals at different stages of tourism exploitation and utilization in the park. At the early stage, birds were affected most heavily, animals the next and reptiles the least. However, it was a contrary case in the late stage. In order to protect wild animals, measures should be taken to prohibit hunting, to keep the park silent and to set up corridors for wild animals.