三峡水库消落区生态环境保护与调控对策研究

COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE PROTECTION AND CONTROLLING OF THE ECO-ENVIRONMENT OF RIPARIAN ZONE OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

三峡水库建成后,由于水库调度引起库水位周期性的涨落,在库区两岸形成周期性变化的水陆交错区域即消落区。消落区是水、陆生态系统的交错地带,具有生态脆弱性、变化周期性和人类活动频繁性等特点。随着三峡工程逐步投入使用,人类活动对消落区的影响也逐渐增加,并且消落区自身存在生态脆弱性,如果不采取有效措施,它将影响三峡工程的正常运行和整个库区的可持续发展。因此,针对消落区的水、土环境变化特点,分析了消落区土壤与水环境的相互影响,提出了利用生物缓冲带、复合生态、坡地农业、流域生态学、人工湿地及生态河堤等技术来对消落区生态环境进行保护与调控的措施。

After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the artificial operation of the reservoir may cause the periodic change of the water level, and an enormous riparian zone will be created in which the ecotone of aquatic ecosystem and the terrestrial ecosystem may come into action. This zone will be characteristic of ecological vulnerability, the periodic change and the frequency of human activity. Upon the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the influence of human＇s activity will increase; furthermore, the riparian zone itself may become much ecologically vulnerable. If no effective measures were taken into effect, the operation of the reservoir would be influenced and the sustainable development in the area damaged. This paper thus studied the characteristics in the change of water and soil environment and analyzed the interaction in the riparian zone. Some countermeasures such as buffers, compound ecology,SALT （Sloping Agricultural Land Technology）, watershed ecology, artificial wetland and ecological riverbank technologies have been proposed for the protection and controlling of the riparian zone.