方言词“敢说”的词汇化与话语主语的零形式

The Lexicalization of “ganshuo” and the Zero Form of the Discourse Subject

“敢说”一词活跃于北方方言中,很多方言词典没有收录。但是在17世纪小说如《金瓶梅》、《醒世姻缘传》中,却有很多用例。文章考察了“敢说”的形成历史及语义,认为它有一个逐渐词汇化的过程,适用于说话人揣摩听话人或有关的第三者对事情的反应这样的语境。同时对这个方言词未进入通语领域的原因作了初步分析。

＂Ganshuo＂ is a phrase found in many northern dialects, but a lot of dictionaries of dialects do not list it out. In some novels at the 17th century, such as Jin Ping Mei ,The Marriage Stories to Awaken Men, there were many infances of ＂ganshuo＂. This article investigates it＇ s histories and meaning base on much literature, and then draw to a conclusion that this word has a undergone process of lexicalization. It is usually found in the following situation, the speaker surmises what the listener or the relevant person will say. Finally the writer gives her reason why the word can＇t be admitted by Pu Tong Hua.