《国富论》教育观点与“教育券”制度原则的思辨——兼对浙江长兴县“教育券”制度的理性批判

Debates on the view of education from The Wealth of Nation and the principle of the system of "school vouchers"

本文通过对亚当.斯密在《国富论》有关教育观点的理解,揭示了弗里德曼“教育券”计划在理论上的缺陷。文章指出,亚当.斯密在《国富论》中并没有提出公立教育机构与私立教育机构孰优孰劣倾向性的观点,而教育券制度在实施中不必然地废弃公立教育机构、支持私立教育机构;学生个人和家庭对教育实施学校的选择并不能够因为教育券制度的实施得到明显提高,而只是使他们的境遇没有变坏;教育券制度的具体实施需要诸多相配套的政策与环境。

This paper analyzes the view of education from The Wealth of Nation, and points out that the principle of the system of school vouchers, promoted by Milton Friedman, is unsupported by The Wealth of Nation and that 1） no evidence from The Wealth of Nation shows the superiority for the Public or Private Schools, 2） no evidence supports obviously the following ideas： the private schools will be benefited from the system of school vouchers, 3） students and their families cannot improve their ability to choose a better school from the system, and 4） the system of school vouchers needs more favorable policies and a good environment to work well.