铝电解工人恶性肿瘤流行病学研究

Anepidemiologicstudyonmortalityofmalignancyinelectrolyticaluminumworkers

为了解铝电解作业工人恶性肿瘤发病情况，采用回顾性队列研究方法，对某电解铝厂９８９名男性作业工人进行了１０年死因流行病学调查。结果表明，该厂工人的恶性肿瘤发病率较高，其全癌、胃癌和上消化道癌的死亡率超出对照人群。ＳＲＲ分别为１．６１，２．１３和２．６７（均Ｐ＜０．０５）。进一步分析发现，该厂癌症高发主要集中于工作场所含大量沥青烟和３，４－苯并（ａ）芘等毒物的铝电解车间工人。其中１５～、２０～年工龄组和５５～岁年龄组超量明显，ＳＲＲ分别为６．２８，３．７４和１．８７（均Ｐ＜０．０５），而接毒较轻的辅助车间工人癌发率较低。提示铝电解工人的恶性肿瘤高发具有职业性特征。

Inordertoknowtheincidenceofmalignanttumorsinelectrolyticaluminumworkers,aretrospectivecohortstudywasperformedonthedeathcausesof989maleworkersinanelectrolyticalu-minumplantforaperiodof10years.Theresultsshowedthatthemortalitiesofalcancer,gastriccancerandupperdigestivetractcanceramongtheworkersfromthisplantwerehigherthanthoseofthecon-trolpopulation.TheSRRwere1.61,2.13and2.67(P<0.05)respectively.Theresultsalsoshowedthattheworkerswithhighincidenceofmalignancywereexposedtohighconcentrationofasphaltsmokeand3,4-Bapintheirworkingenvironment.Themortalitiesofmalignanttumorsin15～,20～years'workstandinggroupsand55～agegroupdemonstratedexcessamountofexposureascomparedwithcontrolgroup.TheSRRwere6.28,3.74and1.87(alP<0.05)respectively.Theauxiliaryshops'workerswithexposuretoslighttoxicantsshowedalowincidenceofcarcinomas.Itisindicatedthattherearetheoccupationalcharacteristicswiththeexcessofmalignancyoftheelectrolyticalu-minumworkers.