2000-2004年住院患者医院感染调查

Nosocomial Infections of Inpatients: A Clinical Investigation and Analysis with Large Sample Size from 2000 to 2004

目的 探讨综合性医院住院患者医院感染的临床特点，以采取相应的有效防治措施。方法 采用前瞻性和回顾性结合的调查方法，对2000-2004年我院73 690例住院患者的临床资料进行分析，细菌鉴定采用法国生物梅里埃公司VITEK-32型全自动细菌鉴定仪。结果 医院感染率为5．34％，其中以下呼吸道最高，依次为上呼吸道、泌尿道；临床分离的致病菌为革兰阴性菌占49．24％、革兰阳性菌占25．30％、真菌占25．46％；比较本院2000-2004年医院感染，条件致病菌构成比呈上升趋势。结论 医院感染中条件致病菌有增多趋势，加强医院感染管理，积极治疗原发病、减少侵袭性操作、及时病原菌监测、合理应用抗菌药物是降低医院感染的有效措施。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical feature of nosocomial infections in general hospital, based on which effective methods are taken. METHODS An analysis was made on the basis of the survey, the data came from 73 690 hospitalized cases from 2000 to 2004. Bacterium appraise adopted French VITEK-32 fully automatic Expression. RESULTS Their prevalence rate was 5.34 %, the main infection site was lower respiratory tract, and followed by upper respiratory tract and urinary tract. Among bacteria isolated from clinical cases, 49.24 % were G^-, 25.30% were G＋ , and 25. 46% were fungi. The proportion of conditional bacteria showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2004. CONCLUSIONS The conditional bacteria show an increasing trend in the nosocomial infections. Strengthening the nosocomial infection management, treating underlying disease actively, lessing invasive process, supervising towards bacteria, and using antibacterial drug rationally are effective methods to reducing the rate of nosocomial infections.