兰州市郊人工林群落结构及稳定性初探

Preliminary Study on Planted Forest Community Structure and Stability in Lanzhou Suburb

植物群落稳定性是生物本身与其生存环境的一种和谐,通过对南北两山人工植物群落主要树种、结构、天然植被的现状研究,以近自然林业理论为指导,从群落稳定性角度出发,提出了南北两山人工林群落总体布局和现有林地优化改造的思路。兰州南北两山人工林群落的稳定性,应建立于南北两山环境条件和与之相适应的树种之间一种相互适应的基础上,南北两山近城区及兰州至中川机场绿色通道面山灌溉较好的地段,宜发展乔、灌、草复合群落结构;局部条件优越的台、坪地宜发展以经济林为主的单层乔木林;灌溉条件较差或无灌溉区域宜为灌、草两层群落结构,形成稳定的近自然群落。对适宜区采取科学合理的调控技术,充分利用天然降水,维持群落的稳定性,降低运行成本。

Forest community stability is one kind of harmony between organism itself and its living environment. Having studied on the present situation of artificial forest species and their structure, and the natural vegetation status in the northern and southern mountains of Lanzhou city we proposed the overall thought train about the artificial forest arrangement and the existing forest optimization, based on the approximately natural forestry theory and from the angle of community stability. The stability of artificial forest community in the northern and southern mountains of Lanzhou city should be based on the mutual adaptation between the environment and the planted tree species. In the regions with good irrigation conditions, the most suitable community structure is arbor＋bush＋grass compound, such as in Lanzhou suburb and in the green passage from Lanzhou to Zhongchuan Airport; in the regions with better local conditions for example mesa and table land, the suitable is single-layer arbor forest with the economic forest as the main; in regions with worse or no irrigation conditions, the suitable is bush and grass double-layer structure. The effective measures for setting up approximately natural communities and sustain their stability are adopting scientific and reasonable controlling technology and fully making use of natural precipitation.