明初文学复古现象之考察

An Analysis of the Phenomenon of Returning to the Ancient Literary Style in the Early Ming Dynasty

明初文学复古现象的形成,既缘于这时期文人对新王朝盛世的认同和期望,更由传统文学自身的发展趋势使然。明初文学保持着元末割据状态下的地域性特点,因此各个文学流派的复古理论既相对独立,又相互影响,呈现为多元化中有所趋同的现象:当时文人有的标举以情为诗,但同时也有人倡导继承道统,文以载道;有的主张转益多师,但同时取法汉魏盛唐的呼声也很高;有的要求师其意不师其辞,但同时掇拾词语意象的摹拟风气已经形成。

The phenomenon of returning to the ancient literary style in the early Ming Dynastyoriginated from the acceptance of the prosperous new dynasty and expectation from the scholars and was an outcome of the development of the traditional literature itself. Because the literature in the early Ming Dynasty retained the regional traits of the late Yuan Dynasty, the relevant theories of different schools were relatively different but had mutual influence with a tendency of convergence. They advocated different focuses such as emotion, tradition, moral teaching, inheritance of the spirit, image, etc. The theories, practice, controversies and defects of the literary trend of returning to the ancient literary style in the early Ming Dynasty had some obvious influence on the up-coming movement of returning to the ancient literary style in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.