关于全球性水资源危机若干问题的探讨

Research on the World Water Crisis

本文以水资源的开发利用率作为评价指标,探讨和预测了全球以及10个人口大国水资源利用的现状和远景。作者认为:(1)日本、美国等发达国家,由于重视对水资源的规划、管理和节约,基本上已实现提取水量的零增长,水危机威胁得以解除;(2)孟加拉、印尼、俄罗斯和巴西4国水资源特别丰富,总体而言不存在危机;(3)印度、中国、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦4国是缺水国家,需要特别重视水资源的合理化利用,加强节水措施。

Taking the water resource utility rate as the valuation index, we discuss the existing situation and forecast the perspective of water resource utilization of 10 countries with large population. Our conclusion are as follows ： （ 1 ） The developed countries, such as Japan and the USA, have realized zero increase in water resources withdrawl because they lay great emphasis on the programming, management and saving of water resource; （2） There isn＇t any crisis on the whole in Bengal, Indonesia, Russia and Brazil because of plenty of water resources; （3） India, China, Nigeria and Pakistan are lack of water, need to pay more attention to water resources rationalization using and water saving measure.