黄铜矿生物浸出中钝化现象研究进展

Review on Passivation of Chalcopyrite during Bioleaching Process

随着矿产资源的日益贫化,传统的矿物加工及其后续的火法冶炼技术在处理矿物时存在不少弊端,生物浸出技术以其反应温和、对环境友好、能耗低、流程短等优点被各国广泛研究。常温生物堆浸技术业已在硫化铜矿(次生)的开采中实现大规模商业化应用,效果良好。但是,在铜资源主体-黄铜矿的生物浸出研究中,研究者发现常温菌难以获得较高的浸出速率,即所谓的钝化现象,以黄钾铁矾钝化,硫层钝化,多硫化物钝化3种现象最为普遍。为了防止黄铜矿生物浸出过程中钝化现象的产生,提出了Ag+催化、Fe2+和Cu2+催化、嗜热嗜酸菌浸出等有效措施。本文介绍了国内外生物湿法冶金工作者在黄铜矿生物浸出过程中钝化方面的研究进展。

The resources of high ores in the world are becoming more and more scarce making the processing of more complex ores necessary. Conventional mineral processing and pyrometallurgical processing are not amenable to treat with low-grade ores. Biohydrometallurgy as an alternative for the treatment of these deposits is studying abroad, which has been applied to the heap leaching of second sulfide copper ores. However,the mainly problems of the bioleaching processes applied to chalcopyrite are the low kinetics of the reaction, namely passivation, such as jarosite passivation, sulfur layer passivation and sulfide passivation. In order to prevent the passivation, some effective methods including catalysis of Ag^＋, catalysis of Fe^2＋/Cu^2＋ and leaching of thermoacidophilic bacteria were advanced.