改善空间因子对大豆生长及产量的影响

Effects of Improving Space Factors on Growth and Yield of Soybean

为了从理论上区分土壤因子和空间因子的作用,试验采用框栽的方法控制土壤面积,研究了增大空间因子对生长在不同土壤面积上的大豆植株的影响。结果表明,在大豆有效营养面积范围内,增大空间可以增加大豆产量,单株土壤面积较小时增产作用显著,随着单株土壤面积的增大,空间的增产作用减小。改善(扩大)空间因子明显增加了大豆的单株荚数和百粒重,降低了瘪荚率,增大了单株叶面积和干物质重,降低了株高和结荚部位。因此在土壤肥力水平较高的黑土区,利用和培育株型收敛、高光效大豆品种,在生产中将具更重要的意义。

To distinguish effects of soil factors and space factors, the experiment was conducted in black soil area, and soybean plants were cultivated with a model of different rages of sash. The results showed that： yield of soybean was effectively increased by enlarging space within the scope of effective nutrient area of soybean, and yield of soybean increased significantly when the soil area of single plant was smaller. Meanwhile, as the soil area enlarged, the effect of space on increase of yield was decreased. It was implied that pods per plant, lO0-seed weight were obviously increased while the useless pod rate decreased, leaf area and dry weigh pea plant were increased and plant height and pod height decreased by improving （enlarging） space factors. Therefore, for black soil area with higher fertility of soil, it is very important in soybean production to utilize and breed plant-type-compact and high-photosynthesis-efficiency soybean cultivars.