中国土地沙漠化的逆转与生态治理政策的战略转变

Reversion of Land Desertification in China and the Strategic Shift of Ecological Control Policies

"以人为本",实施生态治理政策的战略性转变,是土地沙漠化逆转后急需解决的重要问题。世纪之交,中央政府启动了退耕还林(草)、封山禁牧、京津风沙源治理和移民等一系列的生态治理政策,并完善了防沙治沙的法律体系,有力地保障了治沙工作的顺利进行。国家实施重大生态治理政策以来,在政府加强对土地利用管理和监督过程中,农户的生态意识发生了很大变化,土地沙漠化快速蔓延的趋势得到遏制,呈现出"治理与破坏相持"的局面。但是,在沙漠化治理过程中出现了很多问题,急需在沙漠化治理政策方面做出战略性的调整,以便实现沙漠化治理效果的良性循环。

People - centerel policy and ecological control policy are two important problems after the reversion of land desertification. At the turn of the century, central government implemented a serial of ecological management policies, sueh as ＂returning farmland for forestry, enelosing mountains and gazing prohibition, wind and sand source eontrol of Beijing and Tianjing, migration, etc. ＂ , the legal system of sand prevention and eontrol was also improved. All these guaranteed the smooth implement of sand eontrol. Sinee the implement of great national ecologieal eontrol policy, farmers＇ecologieal had been greatly changed in the course of government management and supervision of land use. The quick spread of land desertifieation had been restrained, so as to management and destroy remain locked in stalemate. At the same time, many problems took place in the course of desertifieation control. Government needs to make some strategic adjustments in the desertification control policy in order to achieve a positive cycle of the effect on desertification control.