颌面创伤3958例临床回顾

Retrospective analysis of 3 958 patients with facial injuries

目的对口腔颌面创伤患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、骨折特点及合并损伤等进行临床流行病学总结。方法对四川大学华西口腔医学院口腔颌面外科1955年至2001年,47年间收治的3 958例口腔颌面部创伤患者的病历资料进行统计和分析。结果3 958例颌面创伤患者男女比例为4．27:1;21-30岁(33．4％)为发病的高峰年龄段;交通事故(30．6％)在致伤原因中居首位。在颌面部创伤中,下颌骨骨折2 299例,占骨折的72．7％,发生率最高。合并损伤以颅脑损伤最为多见,有916例(23．1％)发生。结论颌面创伤住院患者以骨折多见。骨折发生的数量、部位等与致伤原因、受力性质及相应部位的解剖结构有关。颅脑损伤为最严重的并发症,应予以充分重视。

Objective To determine the causes and incidence of facial injuries by an epidemiologic retrospective study. Methods A total of 3 958 patients with facial injuries treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatolagy, Sichuan University from 1955 to 2001 were investigated. Data regarding age, gender, cause of injury, pattern of fracture and associated systemic injuries were reviewed. Results The male to female ratio of the patients with facial injury was 4. 27：1 and 33.4% of patients were aged between 21 and 30 years . The most common cause of injury was traffic accident （30. 6% ）, followed by falls （21.4%） and collision （ 15. 8% ）. A total of 794 patients （20. 1% ） showed only soft tissue injuries. 1 100 patients （27.8%） had multiple fractures in facial bones and 2 064 patients （52. 1% ） had single fracture. The mandibular fracture was most frequently seen , followed by the maxilla and the zygoma. The most common site of mandible fracture was the body （31.2%） , followed by the symphysis （22. 7% ） , the condylar （20. 5% ） and the angle（ 13. 7% ）. Accompanied injuries to brain and skull happened in 916 patients （23.1%）. Conclusions Bone fractures were more common in hospitalized patients with facial injuries . The numbers and sites of fractue were related to the causes of injuries and anatomic structure of the bone. The brain and skull injuries , the most often and seriously accompanied injuries,would not be neglected.