平等、自由与制度正义

Equality,Freedom and Institutional Justice

社会正义的根本是制度正义,制度正义的两个基本论题是平等与自由。在如何协调平等与自由的关系问题上,一直存在两种相互竞争的观点,平等优先与自由优先构成了衡量制度正义的价值尺度。不能因强调平等而贬抑自由,也不能只重视自由而忽视平等。一种国家制度是否具有社会正义性,体现在对平等与自由关系的不同理解和建构上。只有建立在对平等与自由价值的合理选择基础上的统一关系和制度,才能协调好现实社会关系,从而促进社会正义。

Social justice has its foundation on institutional justice. Equality and freedom are the two basic factors of institutional justice. There have been two opposite views concerning the relation between equality and freedom, that is, giving priority to equality or to freedom, which becomes the value criterion for institutional justice and neither should be belittled. Whether the institution of a state embodies social justice relies on the different understandings and constructions of the relation between equality and freedom. Only the unified relation and institution based on the rational choice of the value of equality and freedom can help coordinate the existing social relation and promote social justice.