章太炎与梁启超民族主义思想比较

Comparison Research on Thought of Zhang TaiYan and Liang Qichao's nationalism

在近代中国民族主义风潮中有两种民族主义思想,一是以章太炎为主要代表,主张以文化别种族,强调“非我族类,其心必异”。它虽然为辛亥革命的总爆发起了推波助澜的积极作用,但这种具有种族复仇倾向的大汉族主义情绪又对辛亥革命的进程与结局产生了相当消极的影响。二是以梁启超为代表的近代民族主义,摆脱了传统“非我族类,其心必异”的束缚,强调民族国家观念,主张各民族平等、共同奋斗的大民族主义,把追求中华民族的独立、民主和富强作为革命的终极目标,体现了中华民族意识的真正觉醒。

There are two trends of thought of nationalism in modern China. One is the racial nationalism with Zhang Binglin as the main representative. This nationalism maintains that the study of classic books should aim at finding the differences and similarities between the two races of Han and Man. It also emphasizes that the non-Han people must think quite differently from the Han people. It played an active role in speeding up the breakout of the Xin Hai Revolution, but at the same time, this Han chauvinism with racial revenge also had negative influence on the process and the outcome of the Revolution. The second is the modern nationalism with Liang Qichao as the representative. This nationalism has cast off the traditional thought that the non-Han people must think quite differently. It stresses the concept of a national state and advocates a big nationality chauvin ism in which all peoples are equal and they work together to become strong. It regards as the final aim of revolution the pursuit of the independence of the Chinese nation, democracy and being prosperous and strong. It has reflected the real awakening of consciousness of the Chinese nation.