标记理论的哲学叙述及其应用扩展

A Survey on Markedness Theory and Its Application

标记理论是结构主义语言学中的重要理论之一,最初是由布拉格学派在描述音位系统中的一些对立现象时提出的。之后,语言学家对于标记理论的应用扩大到了语言的各个层面,如音系、语义、句法、语言类型学和语用学等领域,并且在各个层次上赋予这一理论新的内涵。语言的标记现象可以从功能和认知的角度得到解释,主要与人类大脑处理外来信息时采用的适应性策略有关。

As one of the most important theories in structural linguistics, markedness theory was first put forward by the Prague School in their description of some of the contrastive phenomena in phonology. Consequently, some linguists have applied this theory into different linguistic levels, such as phonology, semantics, syntax, language typology and pragmatics, etc. Moreover, some new connotations have been given to the various linguistic levels for the interpretation of the theory. Linguistic markedness can be explained from the perspective of function and cognition and it is related to the adaptive strategy used by the brain when the information is processed.