论尤金·奥尼尔戏剧中的“母亲情结”

"Mother Complex" in Eugene O'Neill's Plays

美国悲剧作家奥尼尔的创作深受其母亲的影响。同母亲复杂的情感纠葛使其对女性的认识等同于母性:衡量好女人的标准就是她能否像母亲一样给男人以抚慰。难解的“母亲情结”使奥尼尔在婚姻中寻找着母亲,在戏剧中塑造着母亲。在《榆树下的欲望》和《悲悼》中两位母亲身上都可以找到其生母的影子,而其对女性的态度也从最初的抵触发展到理解和同情,并对她们的悲剧赋予了积极意义;剧中的母子关系反映了奥尼尔与众不同的母亲—儿子—妓女的三角母子关系的创作模式,再现了作家痛苦的内心世界,对母亲无望的追寻。

Eugene O＇Neill＇ s literary creations were deeply influenced by his mother. He had a complicated relationship with his mother, which made his concept of women very traditional： nurturing, protecting and caring for others. His identification to women was always that of son to mother. This relationship not only influenced his marriages but also his works. Many mother characters in his plays mirrored the image of his mother and were described as weak and pathetic. In his plays the relationships between sons and mothers were often showed in a unique way： mother-son-whore. Death was the doomed fate of the sons to be together with their mothers again. This thesis analyses two mothers and the mother-to-son relationships in his two plays Desire Under the Elms and Mourning Becomes Electra to show the author＇s attitudes towards females, his reflections on women＇s future and his painful inner world.