中国南方10个县级市妇女妊娠合并贫血患病状况

Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in southern China, 1993-2000

目的描述妇女妊娠合并贫血状况与分布特征。方法资料来源于“中美预防出生缺陷和残疾合作项目”围生保健监测的常规报告。研究对象为1993年1月～2000年12月间浙江、江苏2省10个县级市孕产妇,共307 829例,采用WHO(2001)推荐的妊娠合并贫血标准诊断计算妇女妊娠合并贫血患病率并描述其分布特征。结果1993～2000年孕期贫血患病总率为73.07％(224 918／307 829,95％CI:72．91％～73.22％)。孕早、中、晚期贫血患病率均呈逐渐下降的趋势。孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期贫血患病率为分别为36．73％(113 078／307 829)、51.93％(159 864／307 829)、60．40％(185 944／307 829),孕早、中、晚期贫血妇女中,中、重度贫血患者所占比例分别为7．80％(8 816／11 3078)、10．82％(17 290／159 864)和14．45％(26 868／185 944)。在分布特征方面,母亲文化程度低、职业为农民者、孕次多、分娩年龄高、多胎妊娠者贫血患病率较高。浙江省孕期贫血患病率高于江苏省。夏秋季是发病高峰。结论我国南方妇女孕期贫血患病率仍处于较高水平,且与妇女分娩年龄、文化程度、职业等因素密切关联。

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of anemia in pregnant women in southern China during 1993-2000. Methods Hemoglobin levels of pregnant women participated in the perinatal health care system in 10 cities in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces from 1993-2000 were reviewed . We used the World Health Organization （WHO） 2001 criteria for anemia in pregnancy. Results There were 307 829 pregnant women in the study, among whom 113 078 （36.73 %） were anemic during the first trimester, 159 864 （51.93 %） were anemic during the second trimester, and 185 944 （60.40 %） were anemic during the third trimester. Among the women with anemia 8 %-14 % were moderate to severe anemia. Anemia was more prevalent among women who were illiterate, who were farmers, and who were multiparous. There was a higher prevalence of anemia during summer and autumn. Overall, there was a decline in anemia prevalence, particularly during the first trimester, from 1993 to 2000. Conclusion Although anemia in pregnant women is declining, the prevalence is still high in southern China. The prevalence of anemia varies with educational level, occupation, and parity.