“名词+上/下”语义结构的对称与不对称性

The Symmetry and Asymmetry in the Semantic Structure of “N.+shang/xia”

基于意向图式和认知理论,本文分析了不同性质的名词与“上、下”搭配时语义从具体到抽象,从不完全对称到完全不对称的变化过程。主要结论:(1)“名词+上”和“名词+下”在语义上表现为不对称;(2)“上”和“下”是相对的,两者之间存在模糊的中间状态,有时可以表示同样的含义;(3)大体而言,“上”比“下”基本,“名词+上”比“名词+下”的搭配关系更多样,语义更丰富。

Based on a cognitive analysis of shang （上） and xia （ 下 ）, me paper gives a systematic research on the semantic changes of ＂N. ＋ shang/xia （上/下）＂, from being concrete to abstract and from partial symmetry to complete asymmetry. It concluds that （ 1 ） ＂N. ＋ shang/xia （ 上/下 ）＂ indicates asymmetrical meanings in most cases; （2） the concepts of shang （上） and xia （下） are relative and an intermediate ground exists between the two extremes, therefore shang（32） and xia（下） may imply the same meaning; （ 3 ） generally, ＂N. ＋ shang （ 上 ） ＂ is more fundamental than ＂N. ＋ xia（下） ＂, for the former is more felxible in collocation and richer in meaning.