骨质疏松性骨折的危险因素

Risk factors of osteoporotic fracture

骨量减少、骨微细结构破坏是骨质疏松症最重要的病理变化,这种病变最终将导致骨骼脆性增加和骨折的发生。骨密度测定是临床骨质疏松诊断和骨质疏松性骨折危险性评估的重要基础指标。骨质疏松性骨折同样还受到年龄及衰老、脆性骨折史及骨折家族史、皮质激素应用、低体重指数、跌倒、饮食异常、吸烟、过量饮酒和某些疾病等多种危险因素的影响,这些因素可能依赖或独立于骨密度的变化。

Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragihty and susceptibility to fracture. The diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of osteoporotic fracture are based on the measurement of bone mineral density. There are also a number of clinical risk factors that provide information on fracture risk. These include age and aging, a prior fragihty fracture and a parental history of fracture, use of systemic corticosteroids, low body mass index, falls, diet disorders, smoking, excess alcohol intake and some diseases. The independent contribution of these risk factors can be integrated by the calculation of fracture probability with or without the use of bone mineral density.