氢溴酸槟榔碱与氯硝柳胺合用灭钉螺增效作用的研究

Synergic effects of synthesis arecoline in combination with snial-killing drugs nidosamide

目的证明合成氢溴酸槟榔碱(arecoline,Are)与氯硝柳胺(Niclosamide,Nic)合用有显著的灭钉螺增效作用。方法室内浸泡试验,试验分为4组,每组30只钉螺。分别于3、6、24 h观察钉螺开厣率和上爬附壁率和死亡率。现场实验,设计浓度为0．1 mg/L的槟榔碱与O．2 mg/L的氯硝柳胺复配的样品组和2 mg／L的氯硝柳胺组及非施药去氯水组为对照组,分别进行浸泡法(选择10 m×2 m×1 m的水沟3条)和滩地喷洒法(选择10 m×5 m的滩地3块)灭钉螺,同时观察鱼类死亡情况。结果室内实验:在0．1 mg／L、0．2 mg／L的氯硝柳胺溶液中分别加入0．1 mg／L的槟榔碱,其6 h钉螺开厣率分别由20％和12％升高至100％和95％;上爬率分别由17％和53％下降至3％和5％;24 h钉螺的死亡率分别由25％和40％增加至90％和100％。现场实验:浸泡法、滩地喷洒法的样品组和对照组72 h后钉螺死亡率分别为95．9％、93．3％和100％、95．8％;复配药组仅有1条鱼苗(体长2 cm)死亡,而氯硝柳胺组的鱼类全部死亡,未施药的去氯水对照组中无死亡。结论证明了槟榔碱与氯硝柳胺联合灭钉螺,确实具有降低灭钉螺药的剂量、减少化学药物对水生物毒性、增强灭钉螺效果的作用。

Objective To prove that synthetic Are combination with snail-killing drug Nic can increase the effects of snail-killing remarkably. Methods In indoor immersing experimentation, the experiments were divided into 4 groups ,30 snails in each group, to observe the rate of opening opereulum, the rate of climbing adhersion and the rate of death at 3, 6 and 24 hours respectively. In field experimentation, we intermixed 0. 1 mg/L Are with 0. 2 mg/L Nic as sample as contrasted with 2 mg/L Nic and non-drug group. Immersing method （ we choosed three slots each size were 10 m ×2 m × 1 m. ） and insuffiation method （we choosed three patch of bottomlands each area were 10 m × 5 m. ） were used to kill snails separately and the death rate of fish, at the same time was observed. Results In the room, as we added 0. 1 mg/L Are to the solution of 0. 1 mg/L and 0. 2 mg/L Nic separately, the opening opereulum rate for 6 hours was increased from 20% and 12% to 100% and 95% , the climbing adhersion rate for 6 hours decreased from17% and 53% to 3% and 5% , the death rate for 24 hours increased from 25% and 40% to 90% and 100%. In the field, the snails death rate in sample group and in contrastive group applied with immersing method and insufflation method for 72 hours were 95.9% ,93.3% and 100% ,95.8% ;only one small fish （2 cm long） died in sample group, and all fishes died in Nic group ,and all fish were alive in non-drug group. Conclusion It proved that synthetic Are combination with snail-killing drug Nic might decrease Nic dosage and toxicity and increase the effects of snarl-killing.