论道家生命结构观的建立与发展

The Formation and Development of the Taoist View of Life Structure

道家从老子开始就十分重视对生命问题进行哲学思考,《管子》中的《心术》、《内业》等道家类著作以及《庄子》等先秦道家典籍均对生命结构问题进行了认真研究,提出了生命的形神、身心二元结构理论,奠定了道家生命结构观的理论基础。汉代道家集大成之作《淮南子》进一步认识到生命的第三种要素“气”的重要作用,建立了形、神、气生命三要素论,并对生命之形体与精神的各自内在要素进行了深入细致的研究,从而大大细化和深化了先秦道家的生命结构观。

From Lao Zi onwards, the Taoist thinkers have been deeply concerned with the issue of life. In the early Taoist works such as Guan Zi and Zhuang Zi, Taoist philosophers study the structure of life and propose the dualistic principle of life structure of Body and Soul, laying therefore the foundation for the Taoist view of life structure. In the Han dynasty, the great Taoist work Huai Nan Zi records the Taoists＇ realization of the importance of Breath （Qi） in life, and puts forward the life theory of three fundamental elements： Body, Soul and Breath. Moreover, Huai Nan Zi conducts a meticulous study of the inner factors of Body and Soul in life, and therefore enriches the Pre-Qin Taoist view of life structure.