对“三农”问题的几点思考

Reconsiderations on the Issue of "Three Agricultures"

“三农”问题的关键是农民利益问题。中国农民长期贫困问题的成因,是多种因素共同作用的结果,是新中国成立后一个历史时期内实行的“重工业优先发展”的非均衡经济发展战略,以及相应的制度安排所导致的直接后果。而最根本的原因在于“有限农业产出被无限增加的农村人口的过度分享”,解决问题的根本之策在于,在有限土地产出的基础上,将剩余劳动人口逐步转移出来,不断提高农业劳动生产率;近期应当标本兼治,一方面减负,另一方面反哺,第三方面加快城市化进程。正因为“三农”问题成因的复杂性,决定了解决“三农”问题是一项长期而艰巨的任务。

The key issue of ＂three agricultures＂ is the issue of the interests of peasants. The cause for Chinese farmers＇ longterm poverty is the result of multiple factors, the consequences of the non-balanced economic development strategy of ＂heavy industry priority development＂ during the period immediately after the founding of the Peoples＇ Republic of China and some corresponding institutions. The most fundamental cause lies in the fact that the limited production has been over-shared by the unlimitedly increased population in the countryside. The key to the problem lies in whether the surplus physical labor can be gradually transferred out, on the basis of the limited production, to constantly increase agricultural working efficiency. In the recent years, the goal should be looking into both the root cause and symptoms. On the one hand, burdens should be reduced; on the other hand, over provision should be limited, and finally, the urbanization process should be speeded up. The complexity of the issue of ＂three agricultures＂ decides that it is a long-term and arduous task to deal with the issue.