高原汽车兵心理健康特点及相关因素分析

A study on mental health and related factors of automobile soldier in high altitude

目的研究高原汽车兵心理健康特点及其影响因素。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),状态-特质焦虑问卷、社会支持评定量表、应对方式问卷及成人艾森克人格问卷,对驻扎在格尔木地区某部汽车团汽车兵进行测试。与SCL-90中国常模、军人常模、高原一般军人进行比较,并分析SCL-90军龄、级别特征,进行相关分析。结果①高原汽车兵SCL-90总均分[(1.76±0.59)分]、阳性项目数[(41.01±21.60)分]和各因子得分均显著高于中国军人常模(P<0.01);除阳性项目数外,SCL-90总均分和各因子得分明显低于高原一般军人(P<0.05);②高原军人心理健康特征。军龄上:除躯体化因子外,SCL-90各因子得分、总均分和阳性项目数差异无显著性(P>0.05);级别上:躯体化、偏执因子和阳性项目数得分存在显著差异(P<0.05);③SCL-90各因子得分与艾森克人格问卷神经质因子、精神质因子、特质焦虑、状态焦虑和消极应对得分呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与内外向因子、掩饰性因子、社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度得分呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论高原条件下汽车兵心理卫生水平总体较差,并呈现明显的军龄和级别特征;高原汽车兵心理健康与个性、焦虑、社会支持及应对方式有关。

Objective To investigate mental health and related factors of automobile soldier in high altitude areas. Methods A total of 700 automobile soldiers at high altitude were investigated by Symptom Checklist （SCL-90）, Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ）, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI）, Social Support Questionnaire （SSQ） and Simplified Coping Styles Questionnaire（SCSQ）. The scores of SCL-90 were compared with national serviceman norm and the score of general serviceman of high altitude, and the developmental characteristics of SCL-90 of automobile soldier were analysed on service years and mill tary title The relationship were studied between SCL-90 and EPQ, STAI, SSQ and SCSQ. Results ①Compared with national norm and military national norm, the mean scores of SCL-90 of automobile soldier increased obviously all factors （ P〈0.01 ）. ②The clear service years difference were observed on somatization（ P〈 0.05） ; the clear military title difference were observed on somatization, paranoiel ideation and positive items （ P 〈 0.05 ）. ③Correlative analysis showed that the scores of SCL-90 were related to EPQ-N, EPQ-P,state anxiety, trait anxiety and passive coping positively; the scores of SCL-90 were related to EPQ-E, EPQ-L, total score of SSRS, objective and subjective support and support utilization negatively. Conclusion The automobile soldiers at high altitude have some problems in mental health, and showed developmental characteristics on military service and military title. The mental health was related to personality, coping styles, state anxiety, and social supports.