泸州西区空气中真菌的调查

An Investigation of Air Fungi in the West of Luzhou City, China

目的调查泸州西区空气中飘散真菌的种类、数量及其每月的变化情况。方法于2004年3月—2005年2月采用曝片法(365d逐日定点连续曝片采样)和曝皿法(即每月上旬定点曝皿采样1次)相结合的方法,进行为期1a的空气中飘散真菌的调查,并进行真菌的分离、培养,及时取真菌标本压片,甲蓝染液染色,镜下鉴定菌种。结果全年曝片365张,检出真菌孢子共24139个,其中可鉴定的有23582个,分属24个属种,全年均有真菌飘散,5—9月为高峰期,曝片中按构成比排序的前4位的真菌孢子的优势菌属依次为交链孢霉属(30.61%)、黑粉霉属(23.90%)、附球霉属(18.71%)、单孢枝霉属(13.91%)等。曝皿培养生长的霉菌种属按构成比依次为酵母菌属(50.20%)、曲霉属(12.46%)、青霉属(10.77%)和单孢枝霉属(9.29%)等。结论泸州西区空气中全年均有真菌飘散,飘散真菌的数量按不同的月份发生变化,5—9月为高峰期,优势菌属为交链孢霉属、黑粉霉属、附球霉属、单孢枝霉属、酵母菌属、曲霉属、青霉属等。

Objective To investigate the sorts and quantities of air fungi in air and its change in every month in the west of Luzhou City. Methods The experiment glass slice was exposed every day and the experiment container was exposed every month in one year so as to investigate air fungi in Luzhou Library Building in the west of Luzhou City. The fungi were separated and cultured, the specimens of fungi were pressed on glass slice timely, dyed with methyl blue and identified. Results 365 experiment glass slices were exposed every day in one year. 24 139 fungi spores were checked and 23 582 were identified. They belonged to 24 species. The air fungi spores in the experiment glass slice according to their quantity were Alternaria （30.61%）, Ustilaginales （23.90%）, Epicoccum（18.71%）, Hormodendrum（13.91%）. The air fungi in the experiment container according to their quantity were Saccharomyces（50.20%）, Aspergillus（12.46%）, Penicillium（10.77%）, Hormodendrum（9.29%） and so on. There were a lot of air fungi in the west Luzhou City all the year round. The air fungi quantity was high during May to September in a year. Conclusion A lot of fungi wave to and fro in air in the west of Luzhou City all the year round. The quantity of air fungi changes as the season goes on and it is high during May to September. The main fungi are Alternaria, Ustilaginales, Epicoccum, Hormaodendrum and so on.