海岛城市住宅自然采光卫生学调查

Investigation on Natural Lighting in Houses Constructed in Different Times in Island City

目的了解海岛城区不同年代建造的居民住宅的自然采光及影响因素。方法2004年11—12月,随机选择舟山市定海区3个居民区(4～6层建筑,分别代表20世纪80年代、90年代及2000年以后建筑的住宅)为研究对象,对92户进行自然采光调查(采光系数和窗地面积比),并调查323位居民对室内采光的主观评价(很好、一般、较差、很差4个等级)。依据GB50096—1999《住宅设计规范》、GB50033—2001《建筑采光设计标准》、GB50180—1993《城市居住区规划设计规范》进行评价。结果3个居民区住宅设计均能满足GB50180—1993规定的楼间距高比,起居室、卧室、厨房等房间窗地面积比均大于1/7,餐厅窗地面积比大于1/10,满足GB50096—1999的要求,新住宅窗地面积比高于早期住宅。采光系数最低值总合格率为58.2%,20世纪80年代、90年代及2000年以后建筑的住宅采光系数最低值平均合格率分别为43.3%,54.7%,76.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.36,P<0.01)。采光系数最低值平均合格率以主卧室最高(80.4%),起居室最低(45.7%),4个功能间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.84,P<0.01)。91.9%的首层住宅居民认为自然采光较差和很差。结论海岛城区住宅自然采光设计均符合国家标准,但仍不能满足部分居民对良好采光的要求,特别是低层住宅居民。

Objectie To understand the natural lighting in houses in constructed in different times island city and the influential factors in Dinghai, Zhoushan. Methods 3 districts, 92 families living in the buildings with 4-6 floors were chosen in Dinghai, Zhoushan, the daylight factor and the ratio of the window and the floor were determined, the subjective evaluation such as good, common, worse, the worst was done among 323 person according to the Code of Housing Design, GB50096-1999, Daylight Code of Building Design, GB50033-2001, Design Code for Planning City Residential Areas, GB50180-1993. Results The daylight in all the investigated houses met the requirement in GB50180-1993. The ratio of the window and the floor in the living room, bedroom, kitchen was larger than 1/7, that of the dinning room was more than 1/10, which met the requirement in GB50096-1999, in addition, the ratio of the newly buildings was higher than that of the old. The total qualified rate of the lowest daylight factor was 55.2, the main bedroom ranked the best, the living room ranked the worst, significant different results were seen in the houses constructed in different times, in 1980s, 1990s and 2000, it was 43.3%, 54.7% and 76.7% respectively. 91.9 percent of people who living in the first floor think the natural lighting worse, even the worst. Conclusion All the natural lighting designs for the involved houses in the island city can meet the requirements in the national standard of China, some people still complained the bad natural lighting, especially those who living in the lower floors.