生活塑料废弃物危害及其管理政策的评估

Evaluation on Management Strategy of Domestic Plastic Waste

在对历年来城市生活垃圾总量及其组成成分分析的基础上,就城市“白色污染”严重的一次性塑料餐盒废弃物管理公共政策的实施效果进行战略影响评估。研究表明,近10年来,城市生活垃圾中以塑料为代表的包装废弃物的构成比呈上升趋势。城市各类塑料废弃物主要流向农村和郊县,进行小规模低技术层次的加工处理,容易形成隐蔽的废品交易暗流。一些发达城市从2000年起对一次性塑料餐盒的回收处置建立了基于生产者责任的废弃物管理公共政策,使得一次性塑料餐盒的回收率大幅提高。由于一次性塑料餐盒的市场环保准入条件以及区域回收网络建设滞后,实施的效果是有效的,但有一定局限性。

Based on analyzing the gross amount and components of the municipal garbage developed in past years, a strategic influence evaluation was carried out, focused on the effect of public policy on the control of the single used plastic lunch box which is usually called White Pollution. The evaluation showed that among the city garbage, the percentage of package wastes, especially those made of plastic material, demonstrated an obvious increasing trend in the past 10 years. All kinds of municipal plastic wastes mainly flow to the villages and suburbs where the plastic waste was processed in a small scale with a lower technique, and an underground waste trade came into being. From 2000, some developed cities started to develop a public policy on the recycling of the used plastic lunch box, connecting with the responsibilities of the producers, then this policy made a great increase in the recycling rate of the one-off plastic lunch box,but due to the antiquated admittance condition of environmental protection and the recycling network, the effect of the White Pollution control seemed efficient but limited.