论白话运动对新诗生成的影响

Vernacular Movement and the Formation of Modern Poetry

清末民初是中国历史上前所未有的文化大转型时期,由“文言”(古代汉语)到“白话”(现代汉语)这一社会通用语言的巨变是这一时期的重大事件。白话是开启民智、启蒙大众的重要工具,白话运动是面向大众的政治、思想、宗教、文化等改革运动的产物,特别是外国传教运动和中国报业的勃兴都极大地促进了白话运动及新诗运动,催生了白话和新诗。新诗是多元发生的文体,不仅是政治改革和思想文化大变革的产物,更是语言大变革的产物。白话成为社会通用语言决定了平民文学及平民诗歌的主导地位。白话运动对白话诗运动及新诗革命产生了巨大的影响,决定了新诗革命的激进方式和新诗的非艺术地抒发平民情感的功能和无定型诗体与固定诗家语的文体形态,彻底打破了古代汉诗源远流长的两大传统:诗要有体和诗要有“诗家语”。因此新诗革命既是诗的体式的革命,更是诗的语言的革命。

The Late Qing and the Early Republic of China was an unprecedented cultural turning period in Chinese history. In that period, ＂Wenyen＂ （Ancient Chinese） developed into ＂vernacular＂ （modern Chinese） which was the social general purpose language. Vernacular was an important instrument to enlighten the public, and the vernacular movement was the product of political, thinking, religious and cultural reformation. Foreign missionization and the prosperity of Chinese newspaper promoted the vernacular movement and the modern poetry movement, thus formed the vernacular and the modern poetry. Being a polygeny literary style, the modern poetry was not only the product of political reformation and cultural transfer, but also the product of language development. The civilian literature and the civilian poetry became predominant when the vernacular became a social popular language. The vemaeular movement made a great influence on vernacular poetry movement, and thoroughly broke the tradition of ancient Han poetry on the poetic style and poetic language. Therefore the reformation of modern poetry was not only a reformation on the style, but also a reformation on the language.