河南省健康人群白喉和破伤风抗体水平调查

Survey on Diphtheria and Tetanus Antibody Level in Healthy Population in Henan Province

目的为有计划地进行人群抗体水平监测，了解人群免疫状况，为制定免疫对策、评价免疫效果提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，1998～2002年调查了河南省21个县（区、市）2～39岁3510人的白喉和破伤风抗体水平。结果白喉和破伤风抗体总阳性率分别为80．5％和77．9％，阳性率均是2～3岁最高，25～39岁最低；山区县低于平原县和市区。白喉和破伤风抗体几何平均浓度分别为0．101IU／ml和0．073IU／ml，均是8～9岁最高，25～39岁最低。结论河南省白喉和破伤风疫苗基础免疫的效果可靠，但随着年龄的增长，免疫力衰退而重新成为易感者，故应及时对成人加强白喉疫苗的免疫，并在新生儿破伤风高危县对育龄期妇女开展破伤风疫苗免疫。

Objective To conduct antibody surveillance and understand the immunization status among population, develop immunization strategies and provide evidence for evaluating immunization effectly. Methods We investigated the diphtheria and tetanus antibody level of 3510 persons aged 2 - 39 years old in 21 counties of Henan Province during 1998 - 2002, multilevel cluster random sampling method was used in the study. Results The overall positive rates of diphtheria and tetanus antibody were 80.5 % and 77.9 % respectively, for both of them, the highest positive rate was among the children aged 2 - 3 years old, the lowest one was among the adults aged 25 - 39 years old, and the rate among the population living in mountain areas was lower than that among the population living in plain and urban areas. The GMTs of diphtheria and tetanus antibody were 0.101 IU/mL and 0.073IU/mL respectively, for both of them, the highest GMT was among the children aged 8 - 9 years old,the lowest one was among the adults aged 25 - 39 years old. The results suggested that the effect of routine immunization of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid was reliable, but the immunity faded with age increasing then the vaccinated persons became new susceptible persons. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the vaccination of diphtheria toxoid to adults in time,and conduct the tetanus toxoid immunization to the child-bearing aged women in neonatal tetanus high-risk counties.