确定性追求与自我的解构——早期现代哲学的内在矛盾及其后果

On the pursuit of certainty and the deconstruction of self——The inner contradiction and the effect of the pre-modern philosophy

与古代哲学从自我以外的本原或上帝当中寻求确定性的做法相反,早期现代哲学选择了从自身寻找确定性根据的道路。无论是笛卡尔的实体性自我,还是康德的功能性自我,都体现着这种确定性追求的努力方向。然而早期现代哲学在从自我当中寻求确定性的根源时,也将人本身的感性的、流动的成分宣扬开来。因而从自我本身出发寻找确定性的根基,从一开始就面临着内在的矛盾和冲突,而后现代主义恰恰又将自我当中感性的、流动的成分推崇到无以复加的程度,最终导致自我的解构。

Contrary to the classic philosophy aiming at the pursuit of certainty from outside self or God, the pre-modern philosophy resolves to gain knowledge only from self. Both the ontological egoism by Descartes and the functional egoism by Kant reveal this tendency. However the pre-modern philosophy cliscloses the intuitive and mobile components in the pursuit of the originality of certainty from egoism. It can be perceived that this starts with inner contradictions and clashes, while the post-modern philosophy maximizes the intuition and deduction in egoism up to the deconstruction of self.