“互见法”探源

A historical study of the coreference device(hujianfa)

“互见法”为司马迁首创,这一观点似乎已得到学界的广泛认同。但也有人沿波讨源,将其源头追溯到《吕氏春秋.有始览》。事实上,《吕氏春秋》中除了《有始览》中以“解在乎”标示的“显性互见”外,还有一类作用与它几乎完全相同,却没有任何标示的“隐性互见”。循“隐性互见”的路径继续探寻,则可将《史记》互见法的源头上溯到《左传》。互见法并非司马迁首创,他的独特贡献在于将互见法与纪传体结合起来,为以后纪传体史书的撰写提供了成功的经验。

The coreference is extensively recognized as a device first used by Sima Qian in his Historical Records. However, certain scholars dwell upon tracing to the Spring-Autumn of Lii, in which some marked overt coreferences are observed, but not any covert coreferences. Should the trace continue, covert coreferences reveal in Zuozhuan, much earlier than Historical Records. Hence, it is concluded that Sima Qian should not be the first to use the device. But his contribution is to pioneer in applying coreferences in biographic writing.