中国传统道德哲学:道义论遮蔽下的功利主义

The Traditional Chinese Moral Philosophy: the Utilitarianism Covered by " Morality & Justice"

中国传统道德哲学被公认为是“重义轻利”的道义论。然而,当我们考察中国传统道德的概念以及为德的目的、价值、动力、调控手段和约束机制时,我们会发现,在道义论的大旗下,中国传统道德哲学仍然隐含着功利主义思想。道义论遮蔽下的功利主义道德传统,一方面使道义论的道德要求能够在现实生活中得到践履和发挥作用,另一方面使现实生活中的功利追求、感性欲望被控制在道义、理性的轨道上。但是,道义论遮蔽下的功利主义道德传统带有某种“欺生性”、“他律性”、“非纯洁性”的特点,成为“聪明人的远虑,”失去了道德固有的理性自觉、情感自愿的特质。

The Chinese traditional moral philosophy is regarded by most people as ＂morality and Justice＂, which values justice above material gains. However, when we examine the concepts of the Chinese traditional moral philosophy and its purpose, value, motive power, the means of management and the mechanism of restraint, we can see, under the banner of ＂morality ＆ justice＂, the Chinese traditional moral philosophy still implies utilitarianism. Therefore, this traditional morality can play its role in practical life on one hand, namely, the gains-pursuing and perceptual desire are kept on the right track; but on the other hand, it is characterized by ＂cheating strangers＂, ＂heteronomy＂, ＂ non-purity＂, favors ＂talents＇ foresight＂ and has lost its intrinsic characters： rational consciousness, emotional willingness and saintliness.