带控制舵椭圆截面飞行器的气动设计

Aerodynamics configuration design for elliptical cross-section vehicle with flaps

非圆截面弹身布局在高超声速再入飞行器的机动能力、隐身特性、飞行性能和毁伤效能等方面具有许多潜在的优势,是当前飞行器设计的一个重要发展方向。本文进行了带舵的钝头椭圆截面双锥体的气动布局设计,进一步发展了快速有效的高超声速气动力工程预测方法,并将带舵椭圆截面双锥体的气动特性与带舵圆截面双锥体的气动特性进行了比较。研究表明,带舵的椭圆截面弹身布局方式可以获得较高的配平升力、配平升阻比及配平攻角,利用质心运动和控制舵偏转的综合控制可以获得更高的配平效率,是高超声速飞行器实现大升力、大升阻比飞行的潜在可行方案。

Because of many potential advantages in maneuvering ability, stealthy characteristic, flight performance, destroying efficiency and other aspects, asymmetric cross-section vehicle has been developed and studied widely. In order to design a hypersonic maneuverable reentry vehicle that has higher lift and lift-to-drng ratio, together with bigger usable inner volume, a blunt elliptic cross section biconic body with cruciform flaps is generated and optimized. An engineering method based on Embedded Newtonian Flow Theory is developed to predict the hypersonic aerodynamic characteristics effectively, and the comparison of vehicles with elliptical and circular cross section is presented. The analysis shown that the vehicle with elliptical cross section has higher lift and lift-to-drng ratio, better trimming and control efficiency, and the mass center and the flap deflection angles are key factors for the stability and control. The unstable design of the main body makes the actually angle of attack of the flaps much smaller than that of the body, which is of roach beneficial to the heat protection and structural design. The angle of sideslip will reduce the longitudinal trimming efficiency and induce the rolling moment unavoidably, simultaneously the conic motion will bring equilibrium effectiveness of the flaps, thus the rolling control is essential for the vehicle. The present work indicates that a reentry vehicle with elliptic cross section is one of the possible choices for hypersonic maneuver, and need to be investigated further in the future.