计算机软件过程控制的实施

The Research on the Computer Software Process Control

软件过程控制模型,如CMM(后更名为SW-CMM)模型是一种软件过程能力评估标准,现已得到了众多国家软件产业界的认可,成为从事规模软件生产的有效性依据之一。企业的软件能力取决于该企业的过程能力,特别是在软件开发和生产中的成熟度。在CMM2模型中,将这种能力归结为可重复级别。CMM2级模型是使软件企业从开发过程的杂乱无章走向受控制管理的基础。近年来,我国的软件事业飞速发展,大量的软件企业纷纷建立。但是,在软件过程控制方面也存在一些问题,有相当一部分企业也认识到了软件过程规范管理的重要性,开始实施CMM2级管控。但是,有相当多的企业一直徘徊不前,其原因是对CMM2级理解不够透彻,本文针对CMM2级中的关键过程域和实施中的技术问题进行分析,希望为此提供一些有用的参考。

The Capability Maturity Model for Software （CMM or SW-CMM） is a model for judging the maturity of the software processes of an organization and for identifying the key practices that are required to increase the maturity of these processes. The CMM has been developed by the software community with stewardship by the SEI. The Software CMM has become a standard for improving software processes. The Capability Maturity Model for Software describes the principles and practices underlying software process maturity and is intended to help software organizations improve the maturity of their software processes in terms of an evolutionary path from chaotic processes to mature, disciplined software processes. The CMM is organized into five maturity levels. The key process areas at Level 2 focus on the software project＇s concerns related to establishing basic project management controls. They are Requirements Management, Software Project Planning, Software Project Tracking and Oversight, Software Subcontract Management, Software Quality Assurance, and Software Configuration Management.