构式语法论要

A Sketch of Construction Grammar

构式语法认为,构式是形式与意义的结合体,包括语素、词、半固定和固定的习语和熟语,以及抽象的句型,跨语言的多个层次,有关语言的所有的知识可用构式的网络来建构。各类构式都是在习得者接受了足够的输入、并借助于一般的认知机制而习得的。构式语法对构式的分析采取“所见即所得”的方法,构式不是推导得出的。构式语法是对语言本质的一种崭新的认识,对先前未能解释的语言结构具有很强的解释力,然而也存在一些不容忽视的问题。

According to construction grammar, grammatical description of all strata is understood to involve pairings of form and meaning. These are constructions including morphemes or words, idioms, partially lexically filled and fully abstract patterns. The totality of our knowledge of language is captured by a network of constructions. Constructions are understood to be learned on the basis of adequate input and general cognitive mechanisms. This grarmnar adopts a ＂ what you see is what you get＂ approach to syntactic form ： constructions are non-derivable. It represents a new view of language and affords a tool of strong explanatory power for unaccounted-for linguistic phenomena, yet the theory does not go without problems.