《契丹国志》中的“小食国”考

A Textual Research of the Xiaoshi State (小食国) in The History of Khitan State

《契丹国志》卷21和《文献通考》卷346中的“大食国”、“小食国”不存在对应关系。“小食”乃“小石”的异写,即《王延德使高昌记》中的“小石州”,《经世大典》中的“塔失八里”,在今新疆哈密市东北的石城子一带。“小石州”得名于当地的石山、石城。宋辽时期的“小食”是以哈密为中心的一个突厥—回鹘集团,独立于高昌回鹘,入元后称哈密力。

There is no coincidence relation between the Dashi State (大食国) and the Xiaoshi State (小食国) recorded in volume 21 of The History of Khitan State and volume 346 of Wenxian tongkao (Comprehensive Study of the Written Record). Xiaoshi(小食) is actually a variation of Xiaoshi (小石), namely the Xiaoshi Prefecture (小石州) in Wang Yande Xingji (The Travels of Wang Yande) and tashi bali (塔失八里) in Jingshi Dadian which is situated in the northeast of present Hami city of Xinjiang. “小食” was a Turkic-Uighur group around Hami in the Song and Liao period. It was independent to the Gaochang Uighur and called Hamili in the Yuan Dynasty.