从美国教育法制看公立大学教师学术自由的原则与界限

The Principle and Limitation of Academic Freedom of Public University Teachers in the Perspective American Educational Legal System

美国宪法及法律并无学术自由的明确规定,但法院根据宪法法案对一系列案件的解释和判决,赋予学术自由以宪法地位,使学术自由概念本身成为融合了宪法原则和学术观念的司法概念。但法院同时又为学术自由设定边界,通过教师权利与学校利益、社会利益的平衡,保证高等教育公共性的实现。

There is no definite regulation on academic freedom in American Constitution and Law. However the U. S. A. Supreme Court gave constitutional status and academic freedom to universities through the explanation and decrees of a serious of leading cases under the Constitution act. In this way academic freedom becomes a judicature notion integrating the Constitution principles and academic conception. It also set boundary of academic freedom by balancing the faculties＇ rights and the interests of university and society so as to achieve the public function of higher education.