浅议古文献中的“敢”字可以训“能”

The Distinguishes between "Gan" and "Neng" in Chinese Ancient Literature

一般情况下,“敢”和“能”的区别是很明显的:前者强调主观上的积极性,后者着眼于客观上的可能性。但是,在古代文献上,有些“敢”字却不表示主观上的积极性,而是强调客观上的可能性,意义和用法与“能”字相当。“敢”字的这种用法不见于迄今为止出版的古汉语虚词词典,故有讨论的必要。

Generally speaking, there are obvious distinguishes between Chinese characters “Gan” and “Neng” with the former one more emphasizes on the positivity personally while the latter one more focuses on the possibility externally. However, some “Gan” in the ancient literature express the external possibility instead of the personal positivity, whose meaning and function are similar to the word “Neng”. Thus, it is necessary for us to explore this special function of “Gan” which even can＇t be found on the latest dictionary of empty word.